智慧书

序号	标题	中文	英文
153	153	153．不要去填补巨人留下的空间不要去填补巨人留下的空间，若非如此不可，则需确定自己有更大才华可担此重任。只为和前人平分秋色，就需双倍于前人的才华。要让人们欣赏你甚于后来者便需颇费心思；而要想不为前人光彩湮没则更需有妙计高招。填平一大段空白极为不易，因为人们常常以古非今。只和前人不相上下是不够的，因为先行者已占尽风光。若要把前人的光环驱散，须有超凡的天才。	153 Beware of entering where there is a great Gap to be filled. But if you do it be sure to surpass your predecessor; merely to equal him requires twice his worth. As it is a fine stroke to arrange that our successor shall cause us to be wished back, so it is policy to see that our predecessor does not eclipse us. To fill a great gap is difficult, for the past always seems best, and to equal the predecessor is not enough, since he has the right of first possession. You must therefore possess additional claims to oust the other from his hold on public opinion.
154	154	154．勿轻信，勿轻受有成熟的判断力便不会轻信。谎言是司空见惯的，那么就让轻信成为稀有之物。匆忙作出判断往往令人陷入窘迫，并因此一蹶不振。但亦不可公然质疑他人的诚实。你若视某人为说谎者，或声称他受骗上当，那么在他的痛苦之上你又添了几分侮辱。这样做还有更大的隐患：不信任他人会引人疑心你的诚实。说谎者受着双重煎熬：他既不敢相信他人，也不为他人所相信。谨慎的倾听者不会匆忙作出判断。正如一位作家①劝告我们的：即便是爱情亦不可匆忙陷入。人们可以言辞说谎，也可以行事说谎，而后一种欺骗则危害更甚。 ①西塞罗，古罗马著名演说家	154 Do not Believe, or Like, lightly. Maturity of mind is best shown in slow belief. Lying is the usual thing; then let belief be unusual. He that is lightly led away, soon falls into contempt. At the same time there is no necessity to betray your doubts in the good faith of others, for this adds insult to discourtesy, since you make out your informant to be either deceiver or deceived. Nor is this the only evil: want of belief is the mark of the liar, who suffers from two failings: he neither believes nor is believed. Suspension of judgment is prudent in a hearer: the speaker can appeal to his original source of information. There is a similar kind of imprudence in liking too easily, for lies may be told by deeds as well as in words, and this deceit is more dangerous for practical life.
155	155	155．要善于控制你的激情不论何时，都要尽可能让思考与反省预见到突发的激情，这于审慎者可轻而易举做到。心烦意乱之时，首先要做的就是意识到这一点。先控制住自己的情绪，下决心不再使之加剧。有了这种高明的防范，就能很快终止怒气。要懂得制怒之法，且止息于当止之时：奔跑时停下来最难；狂怒时保持头脑清醒也一样难。过分激动，不论程度高低，都会影响理智。一旦对发怒有了这种警醒，就不会使你因怒气而失控，也不会使你损害良好的辨别力。谨慎地驾驭情绪，就能很好地控制它。你将是马背上第一个理智的人，可能也是最后一个①。 ①班牙有句谚语："马背上无智者。"	155 The Art of getting into a Passion. If possible, oppose vulgar importunity with prudent reflection; it will not be difficult for a really prudent man. The first step towards getting into a passion is to announce that you are in a passion. By this means you begin the conflict with command over your temper, for one has to regulate one’s passion to the exact point that is necessary and no further. This is the art of arts in falling into and getting out of a rage. You should know how and when best to come to a stop: it is most difficult to halt while running at the double. It is a great proof of wisdom to remain clear-sighted during paroxysms of rage. Every excess of passion is a digression from rational conduct. But by this masterly policy reason will never be transgressed, nor pass the bounds of its own synteresis. To keep control of passion one must hold firm the reins of attention: he who can do so will be the first man “wise on horseback,” and probably the last.
156	156	156．择友选择朋友要经过周密考察，要经过命运的考验，不论是对其意志力还是理解力都应事先检验，看其是否值得信赖。此乃人生成败之关键，但世人对此很少费心。虽然多管闲事也能带来友谊，但大多数友谊则纯靠机遇。人们根据你的朋友判断你的为人：智者永远不与愚者为伍。乐与某人为伍，并不表示他是知已。有时我们对一个人的才华没有信心，但仍能高度评价他的幽默感。有的友谊不够纯洁，但能带来快乐；有些友谊真挚，其内涵丰富，并能孕育成功。一位朋友的见识比多人的祝福可贵得多。所以朋友要精心挑选，而不是随意结交。聪明的朋友则会驱散忧愁，而愚蠢的朋友会聚集忧患。此外，若想让友谊地久天长，不要总希望你的朋友升官发财。	156 Select your Friends. Only after passing the matriculation of experience and the examination of fortune will they be graduates not alone in affection but in discernment. Though this is the most important thing in life, it is the one least cared for. Intelligence brings friends to some, chance to most. Yet a man is judged by his friends, for there was never agreement between wise men and fools. At the same time, to find pleasure in a man’s society is no proof of near friendship: it may come from the pleasantness of his company more than from trust in his capacity. There are some friendships legitimate, others illicit; the latter for pleasure, the former for their fecundity of ideas and motives. Few are the friends of a man’s self, most those of his circumstances. The insight of a true friend is more useful than the goodwill of others: therefore gain them by choice, not by chance. A wise friend wards off worries, a foolish one brings them about. But do not wish them too much luck, or you may lose them.
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